The difference between actual and desired output, called the error signal, is applied as feedback to the system input, to bring the actual output closer to the reference.Ī control system is composed of two components: the controlled object and the controller.
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To do this, a (normally feedback) controller is designed that determines what output needs to be monitored, how to compare it with the reference, which system behaviors need to be adjusted, and how to adjust them.
The objective of control theory is to control a system so that the system's output follows a desired control signal, called the reference.
Nowadays, the term is often used loosely to imply the “control of any system using technology.” This term was defined by Norbert Wiener in 1948 as “the scientific study of control and communication in the animal and the machine” ( Wiener, 1948). It deals with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs and how their behavior is modified by feedback. 11.2.1 Cybernetics and Control LoopsĬybernetics ( Wiener, 1948), control theory, is a transdisciplinary branch of engineering and computational mathematics. This will provide a framework for eliciting and modeling the dependability requirements. This section presents the basic principles for modeling a dependable system as a control system. Although a major application of control theory involves control system engineering, which deals with the design of process control systems for industry, other applications range far beyond this. These may result in risks that will violate the system's dependability.Ĭontrol theory ( Goodwin et al., 2001) deals with influencing the behavior of dynamical systems. Second, because of the openness of the environments, the systems may encounter various unpredictable threats during operation that can be activated by defects, malicious attacks, human operational error, or noisy networks. It is difficult to understand all of the multifaceted environment properties to enable the precise prevention of dependability problems. First, dependability requirements do not explicitly come from business logic but are heavily affected by interactions between a theoretical system and people, physical devices and spaces, regulations, organizational policies, etc. Identification, elicitation, and modeling of dependability requirements are inherently difficult.
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Zhi Jin, in Environment Modeling-Based Requirements Engineering for Software Intensive Systems, 2018 11.2 Cybernetics and Model of Dependable Systems
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